Reference
Karate
Karate means "empty hand". Karate originated on the island of Okinawa.
Karate practice is primarily characterized by linear punching and kicking
techniques executed from a stable, fixed stance. Many styles of karate
practiced today incorporate the forms (kata) and many different weapons
originally used as farm implements by the peasants of Okinawa, such as
the sai, sickle (kama), and quarterstaff (bō).

Judo
Judo, meaning "gentle way", is a modern Japanese martial art and combat
sport, that originated in Japan in the late nineteenth century. Its most
prominent feature is its competitive element, where the object is to either
throw one's opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue one's
opponent with a grappling maneuver, or force an opponent to submit by
joint locking the elbow or applying a choke. Kicks, punches, and thrusts are
also practiced, but only in pre-arranged forms. They are not allowed in judo
competition or freestyle practice.

Aikido
Aikido, a modern Japanese martial art, developed by Morihei Ueshiba
(1883 – 1969). The art consists of "striking", "throwing," and "joint locking"
techniques and is known for its fluidity and blending with an attacker, rather
than meeting "force with force". Emphasis is upon joining with the rhythm
and intent of the opponent in order to find the optimal position and timing
with which to apply force. Aikido is also known for emphasizing the spiritual
and philosophical development of its students reflecting the religious
background of its founder.

Jujutsu
Jujutsu,  meaning "gentle/yielding/compliant art" is a Japanese martial art
whose central ethos is to yield to the force provided by an opponent's
attack in order to apply counter techniques from the resultant ensuing
situation. There are many ryu (styles) of the art which leads to a diversity of
approaches. Jujutsu ryu may utilize all techniques to some degree (i.e.
throwing, trapping, locking, holding down, grappling, gouging, biting,
disengagements, strike, and kicking).

Kung Fu
A very ancient form of martial arts which also has innumerable styles and
substyles, Kung Fu includes the legendary Shaolin style of fighting, which
was named after a 6th century monastery in Honan, China. The Shaolin
style was developed over many centuries, expanding from 72 basic fighting
movements in its early development to 170 moves divided into five styles
named after the animal the movements were supposed to resemble or
represent; the Tiger, Leopard, Snake, Dragon and Crane.

Boxing
Boxing is a 'sweet science'. Boxing is a skill contest between two people
who attempt to hit each other with their padded gloves, while trying not to
be hit by their opponent.
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